ABSTRACT
Introduction and Aim: Due to the Coronavirus outbreaks, the SARS-CoV-2, also known as COVID-19, has claimed several lives around the world, with the majority of them being elderly, suffering from underlying chronic illnesses, or living in vulnerable conditions. This study aimed to find the immunological factors CD-79, CD-4, IL-2, and TNF-B in COVID-19 patients utilizing nucleocapsid-(N), a protein structure that interacts with genomic RNA to create complexes. Material(s) and Method(s): SARS-COV-2 infection was detected using RT-PCR. The serum levels of IL-2 and TNF-B, as well as the concentrations of CD4 and CD79, were measured. This study included 100 COVID-19 patients. Result(s): The results showed that the serum concentration of TNF-beta and IL-2 in COVID19 patients was significantly higher than that in the general population (with acute and moderate illness) when compared to normal control groups (p<0.05). COVID-19 patients reported higher levels of CD79 as well as CD4 expression than healthy control groups in a study of activated markers. Conclusion(s): Infection with SARS-COV-2 has a high impact on various immunological and inflammatory markers in patients.Copyright © 2023, Indian Association of Biomedical Scientists. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Entrepreneurship is proven as a medium in lifting an economic state of an individual or a community. It is also can be considered as an alternative area to be explored especially in the current situation where the world is affected by the pandemic of COVID-19 globally. It justifies the need to research this topic to leverage its benefits to various perspectives including the asnaf community. Unfortunately, despite its importance, limited studies have been found were conducted on entrepreneurship among asnaf community. Therefore, this research is initiating research on this topic by conducting a systematic literature review on the published works on entrepreneurship among asnaf community to explore the trend of the existing research works. A PRISMA approach is adapted to collect the relevant literature that is scoped only to the Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases. The result obtained from this research is expected will provide an overview of the trend of previously conducted research works on the entrepreneurship among asnaf community. Finally, it can be referred by a potential researcher in this topic to plan their future research. Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is a hazardous virus. Initially, detected in China and spread worldwide, causing several deaths. Over time, there have been several variants of COVID-19, we have grouped all of them into two major categories. The categories are known to be variants of concern and variants of interest. Talking about the first of these two, it is very dangerous, and we need a system that can not only detect the disease but also classify it without physical interaction with a patient suffering from COVID-19. This paper proposes a Bag-of-Features (BoF) based deep learning framework that can detect as well as classify COVID-19 and all of its variants as well. Initially, the spatial features are extracted with deep convolutional models, while hand-crafted features have been extracted from several hand-crafted descriptors. Both spatial and hand-crafted features are combined to make a feature vector. This feature vector feeds the classifier to classify different variants in respective categories. The experimental results show that the proposed methodology outperforms all the existing methods. © 2021 IEEE.